Νομολογία

  • Στοιχεία της υπόθεσης
    • Εθνικός αναγνωριστικός αριθμός: 001/2012
    • Κράτος μέλος: Κύπρος
    • Κοινή ονομασία:N/A
    • Είδος απόφασης: Άλλο
    • Ημερομηνία απόφασης: 11/05/2012
    • Δικαστήριο: Φορέας Ελέγχου Διαφήμισης
    • Θέμα:
    • Ενάγων: CYTA
    • Εναγόμενος: MTN Cyprus Limited
    • Λέξεις-κλειδιά: advertisement, average consumer, code of conduct, comparative advertising, competition, self regulatory body
  • Άρθρα της οδηγίας
    Misleading and Comparative Advertising Directive, link
  • Περίληψη
    (1) Comparisons to the competition in general should be made using objective manners.
    (2) A competitor cannot be regarded as directly targeted by a comparative advertisement based only on the use of its trademark’s color.
    (3) The comparison to the competition in general and not to specific trademarks, trade names or other distinguishing marks of a targeted competitor, does not qualify as unacceptable comparative advertisement.
  • Πραγματικά περιστατικά
    The plaintiff and the defendant are the two out of the three mobile-internet service providers in Cyprus. The plaintiff and the third competitor use the same network and also use mainly the red colour in their trademarks along with black and white. The defendant uses mainly the yellow colour in their trademarks along with blue.

    This is an appeal from a first-instance decision regarding a series of advertisements, in the media, including, inter alia, on TV, YouTube and the defendant’s website, as well as to other promoting materials, referred to the higher internet speed (HSPA+, Triple Speeds) which the defendant claimed that it can provide. In particular the advertisement communicated through TV spots, portrayed a motorcycle racing competition in which, the competitor A, wearing a red and black jacket and red helmet, was riding a black and white, old, slow speed, retro motorbike of a small displacement and old technology with a particular configuration at vintage referring to past decades and the competitor B, in yellow clothes, was riding a modern, faster and of a high-displacement engine motorbike. Competitor B, with the new, modern motorbike wearing yellow surpassed the competitor in red and black riding the old, slow, vintage motorbike. At the same time consequent frames in yellow stating “Come now to MTN”, “Upgrade from 3G to HSPA+, Triple Speeds”, “Up to 21 Mbps”, “Highest in the Market” appear on the screen and a flag with a yellow background and 5 blue bars follows. Advertisements on You Tube referred to “network speed as “MTN HSPA + ...”, “the fastest network in Cyprus for mobile internet”, “now I can surf without limits up to 21Mbps” and “the fastest mobile network in Cyprus”. In addition, actor A who has MTN HSPA+ praises the characteristics of the service to actor B, who presented ignorant not only on technology but also on broader communication and interaction issues against actor A. The whole behaviour of actor A against actor B involves irony that seeks to ridicule both actor B and his motorcycle, since actor A believes that actor B will go faster walking than with his motorcycle.

    The first-instance court decided that: (i) the defendant could not prove the claims they had made about the speed of their network, therefore they should amend their advertisement as to this (ii) regardless of the colours that competitor B was wearing and the retro motorbike, the average consumer would perceive that the defendant is compared to the competition in general, therefore the advertisements were not unaccepted comparative, and (iii) regardless of the disparaging remarks during the advertisements, the advertisements were not defamatory, because the consumers would view them as humoristic.

    The second-instance court re-examined the case focusing on whether the comparison was (1) made with objective manners, (2) general or directly targeted, and (3) defamatory or humorist, and whether the advertisement was unacceptable comparative based on the fact that no specific trademarks or trade names were targeted.
  • Νομικό ζήτημα
    (1) Do comparisons to the competition in general need to be made using objective manners?
    (2) Can a competitor be regarded as directly targeted by a comparative advertisement based only on the use of its trademark’s colour?
    (3) Does the comparison to the competition in general and not to specific trademarks, trade names or other distinguishing marks of a targeted competitor, qualify as unacceptable comparative advertisement?
  • Απόφαση

    (1) Taking as a fact that the first-instance court decided that the comparison was to the competition in general, on the one hand, and there was violation of article 8* (refer to General Note) of the Code of Conduct**(refer to General Note), on substantiation of claims in advertisements, on the other hand, then there is violation of article 11(ii)*** (refer to General Note) of the Code of Conduct, on comparative advertisements [article 11(ii) of the Code of Conduct reflects almost verbatim article 4 (c) of Directive 2006/114/EC (implemented into Cypriot law by article 4 (c) of the Regulation of Misleading and Comparative Advertising Law 92(I)2000)], because not only the claims for highest speeds remained unsubstantiated but they were also not compared with any objective manner.

    (2) On the matter of whether the comparison was general or directly targeted at the plaintiff the court unanimously agreed with the first-instance court that the advertisement refers generally to the defendant’s competitors, which happens to include the plaintiff. The plaintiff’s interpretation is restrictive. Red happens to be the color of both the plaintiff and the third competitor company in Cyprus, despite the fact that both these companies are using the same network, because it is doubtful whether the average consumer is aware of this fact.

    (3) On the matter of whether the comparison was defamatory the court decided that in relation to the advertisement on You Tube, the irony in the conduct of actor A against actor B is defamatory and in violation of article 12**** (refer to General Note) of the Code of Conduct, on discrediting advertising, since actor B and his motorcycle are taken to mean the defendant’s competition.

    In relation to the advertisements on TV, whilst there is no irony in the conduct of actor A against actor B, the general presentation of actor B and his motorcycle fall within the scope of humoristic debasement since actor B and his motorcycle are taken to mean the defendant’s competition, and therefore there is again violation of article 12 of the Code of Conduct.

    Any promoting material which juxtaposes the two motorcycles in combination with the wording of the advertisement (‘Do you want more speed? Ask from those who can provide it!’) does not violate article 12 of the Code of Conduct, however, there is as mentioned above a violation of article 11(ii) of the Code of Conduct, on comparative advertisements [article 11(ii) of the Code of Conduct reflects almost verbatim article 4 (c) of Directive 2006/114/EC (implemented into Cypriot law by article 4 (c) of the Regulation of Misleading and Comparative Advertising Law 92(I)2000)], because the comparison is not objective, due to the fact that the speed figures of the defendant and of the competition have not been substantiated and therefore does not reveal the true dynamics and difference in speed of the provided service level.

    Taking as a fact that, according to the first-instance court decision, the advertisements refer to the defendant’s competition in general and not to specific trademarks or trade names of the defendant’s competitors, the court unilaterally agreed that there is no violation of article 11(iv)*** (refer to General Note) of the Code of Conduct, on comparative advertising, [article 11(iv) of the Code of Conduct reflects almost verbatim article 4 (d) of Directive 2006/114/EC (implemented into Cypriot law by article 4 (d) of the Regulation of Misleading and Comparative Advertising Law 92(I)2000)].

    URL: http://www.fed.org.cy/fed/userfiles/CYTA-MTN-DEFT_Decision.pdf

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  • Αποτέλεσμα
    The first-instance decision about amendment of the advertising material was upheld, and since the advertisements were not being broadcasteded at the time of the decision, the court deemed that no further grace period was needed and therefore the application of the decision is immediate. The court called upon the ability granted to it by the Second-instance Committee Regulation (article 5, section (l)) to ask the defendant that the new version of the advertising communication with the relevant amendments be presented to it prior to its publishing/broadcast, so that it can determine whether the defendant has complied.