Νομολογία

  • Στοιχεία της υπόθεσης
    • Εθνικός αναγνωριστικός αριθμός: 037/2016
    • Κράτος μέλος: Κύπρος
    • Κοινή ονομασία:N/A
    • Είδος απόφασης: Άλλο
    • Ημερομηνία απόφασης: 04/02/2016
    • Δικαστήριο: Φορέας Ελέγχου Διαφήμισης
    • Θέμα:
    • Ενάγων: Lanitis Bros Ltd
    • Εναγόμενος: Achnagal Ltd
    • Λέξεις-κλειδιά: advertisement, advertising, average consumer, code of conduct, comparative advertising, product characteristics, self regulatory body
  • Άρθρα της οδηγίας
    Misleading and Comparative Advertising Directive, link
  • Περίληψη
    An advertisement which claims having the freshest product of a kind in the country, like “the freshest milk in Cyprus”, contravenes article 4 (c) of Directive 2006/114/EC, hence is unlawful comparative advertising.
  • Πραγματικά περιστατικά
    The defendant claimed in their online advertisements that they sell “the freshest milk in Cyprus”.

    The plaintiff argued that the defendants’ allegation “the freshest milk in Cyprus” contravenes, inter alia, article 11 of the Code of Conduct* (see General Note). In particular, the plaintiff argued, inter alia, that the phrase “the freshest milk in Cyprus” creates the impression to consumers that the specific milk has certain qualities that other milks of the same category don’t have, and that such qualities constitute a comparative advantage for that milk. However, taken as a fact that the end-product, regardless of the time that intervened between the milking and the packaging, is pasteurized milk, that impression is not correct, since all end-products have the same characteristics (they are pasteurized milks). In support of its argument, the plaintiff referred to the fact that pasteurization of all milks happens in accordance with European Regulation 253/2004, which results in the same quality of all milk products.

    The defendant alleged, inter alia, that in the category of milk, the meaning of the word “fresh” has to do clearly with the time. The phrase the “freshest” defines the short time period intervening between milking and packaging. The defendant is the only company in Cyprus which has its own farm and factory so close to each other that the milk is pasteurized and prepared for consumption within only 8 hours from milking.
  • Νομικό ζήτημα
    Does an advertisement which claims having the freshest product of a kind in the country, like “the freshest milk in Cyprus”, contravene article 4(c) of Directive 2006/114/EC, thereby qualifying as unlawful comparative advertising?
  • Απόφαση

    The court paid attention to both parties’ claims. It noted that the word “fresh” is not defined in any legal Cypriot or European document. The court was not convinced that the phrase “the freshest milk in Cyprus” refers exclusively to the time between milking and packaging, as the average consumer would have the impression of some higher quality in relation to the other products of pasteurized milk. Every advertising communication is examined on the basis of its possible effect on the average consumer. This is the approach of the Cyprus Advertising Regulation Organization but also the approach of European Union legislation (see reference to “average consumer” in the Unfair Business-to-Consumer Commercial Practices Directive 2005/29/EC, implemented into national law by the Unfair Commercial Practices From Business to Consumers Law 103/(I)2007:"The average consumer test is not a statistical test. National courts and authorities will have to exercise their own faculty of judgement, having regard to the case-law of the Court of Justice, to determine the typical reaction of the average consumer in a given case").

    The court has the opinion that the average Cypriot consumer considers that “freshness” in the category of food is a positive characteristic, something often reflected in the pricing. Especially in the category of milk, the consumer often searches for “fresh” milk, considering that this attribute means a higher nutritional value in comparison to other types of milk that is not “fresh”. Therefore, the court considers that the average consumer would consider that the phrase “the freshest milk in Cyprus” is used because this milk has some qualitative features that make it different and superior to other products of the same category, something that the defendant, during discussions, admitted that is not true.

    The court decided that the phrase “the freshest milk in Cyprus” contravenes article 11(ii) of the Code of Conduct** (see General Note), on comparative advertisements [article 11(ii) of the Code of Conduct reflects almost verbatim article 4(c) of Directive 2006/114/EC (implemented into Cypriot law by article 4(c) of the Regulation of Misleading and Comparative Advertising Law 92(I)2000)].

    URL: http://www.fed.org.cy/fed/userfiles/Achnagal_Decision_Final.pdf

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  • Αποτέλεσμα
    The court ordered the amendment of the contested advertising communication in no less than two (2) working days; the amendment of any other similar advertising communication through other media; the presentation to the court of the new version of the advertising communication with the relevant amendments prior to its publication, so that it can determine whether the defendant has complied.