Case law

  • Case Details
    • National ID: AP de Madrid (Sección 28ª) Sentencia num. 168/2009 de 23 junio
    • Member State: Spain
    • Common Name:link
    • Decision type: Court decision in appeal
    • Decision date: 23/06/2009
    • Court: Provincial Court of Madrid
    • Subject:
    • Plaintiff: OCASO S.A.
    • Defendant: FUNERARIA NUESTRA SEÑORA DE LOS REMEDIOS S.L.
    • Keywords: confusion, good faith, misleading commercial practices, professional diligence, undue influence
  • Directive Articles
    Unfair Commercial Practices Directive, Chapter 2, Article 5, 2. Unfair Commercial Practices Directive, Chapter 2, Article 5, 2., (a) Unfair Commercial Practices Directive, Chapter 2, Article 5, 2., (b) Unfair Commercial Practices Directive, Chapter 2, Section 1, Article 6, 1., (f) Unfair Commercial Practices Directive, Chapter 2, Section 2, Article 9, (c)
  • Headnote
    1.Lying about the existence of a relationship with another company is considered a misleading commercial practice.
    2. Misleading practice is related to the product or service whilst unfair practice is related to the trader or the proffesional.
    3. Addressing the clients of such other company at an awkward, uncomfortable and sorrowful situation (e.g. after the decease of a relative) is considered a misleading commercial practice.
  • Facts
    The plaintiff is an insurance company which had, among others, a product consisting of an insurance covering the expenses incurred by the family of the beneficiary as a result of the decease of the latter, i.e. the expenses of the funeral. The defendant, who appealed the decision, was an undertaker’s company which addressed the clients of the plaintiff right after the decease of their relatives, presenting itself as collaborator of the former, or as the undertaker’s company chosen by the plaintiff, or even as the undertaker’s service of the insurer, all these statements being false.
  • Legal issue
    The Court decided that presenting oneself as a partner of another entity in order to conclude a contract with its clients interferes in the contractual relationship between the third party and its clients, and is considered an unfair commercial practice. The Court differentiates between unfair as misleading and unfair as confusing. While a misleading practice is related to the good or service, a confusing practice refers to the trader or the professional. Therefore, in this case, since the practice consisted of the defendant presenting itself as a collaborator of the plaintiff, it is a practice that creates confusion with regard to the trader or professional and not to the service or good offered.
    Finally, in the Court's opinion, addressing consumers in delicate moments, or moments of weakness, such as after the decease of a relative, is considered against the good faith every trader and professional must comply with.
  • Decision

    1. Is presenting oneself as a partner of another company in order to conclude a contract with their clients an unfair commercial practice?
    2. What is the difference between misleading and confusing?
    3. Is addressing the consumers in a delicate moment (such as right after the decease of a relative) to be considered an unfair commercial practice?

    Full text: Full text

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  • Result
    The Court found that the defendant’s behaviour was an unfair commercial practice and against good faith.