Case law

  • Case Details
    • National ID: 960/1999
    • Member State: Spain
    • Common Name:“Viajes Mundidear S.A.” v Jordi T. and Joana M. T.
    • Decision type: Other
    • Decision date: 01/03/2001
    • Court: Audiencia Provincial (Appellate court, Barcelona)
    • Subject:
    • Plaintiff:
    • Defendant:
    • Keywords:
  • Directive Articles
    Package Travel Directive, Article 1 Package Travel Directive, Article 2, 5. Package Travel Directive, Article 4, 1., (a)
  • Headnote
    1. The absence of the legal requirement to formulate the package travel contract in writing, does not render it invalid if it can be proved in some other way that it took place, by judging the activities of the contracting parties.
    2. The existence of the contract and the actions that the travel agency carried out in order to get the bookings done enforces the consumer to pay for the services, since, according to art. 9.4, law 21/1995, “in the event that the consumer does not appear at the departure, the consumer or user is obliged to pay for the total costs for the trip”, since the agency cannot cancel the bookings and the damages it suffers are 100% of the cost of the trip.
    3. The need to have a valid passport is a duty for the consumer, for which the agency is not responsible, since it is of general knowledge.
  • Facts
    Two consumers contracted a package travel to London from 5th to 8th of December 1997 which was not documented in writing. The consumers appeared at the airport on 5th December 1997 to take the plane to London, but they could not make the trip because Mrs. T had not a valid National Identity Card. Eventually they traveled to London, through another travel agency. They contracted the flight and the hotel on 7th December. He first agency demanded from the consumers the full costs of the trip, the consumers refused to pay on the basis of not having a written contract as the law requires and adducing that they cancelled it within the 48 hours previous to departure that the law establishes, so they believed that, at the most, they only had to pay 25% of the costs. In the court of first instance the demand of the agency was rejected, but it was granted in the appeal.
  • Legal issue
    According to art. 4 of the Law on combined trips of 1995, in the line of the Directive of the European Community, package travels must be formulated in writing, as a guarantee not only of the reality itself of the contract but mainly of its content. “Nevertheless, this legal requisite cannot be interpreted in an absolute way so that in those cases where there is no evidence of the contract having been agreed in written form, the contract is not invalid straightforwardly, but instead, it has to be understood that the contract has been agreed (regardless of the chosen form), when the travel agency has undertaken all the required actions for its effectiveness and when the consumer has shown, with conclusive actions, that he knew and accepted the reality of the contract”. Therefore, the consumers accepted the contract for which payment was demanded from them, despite of the infringement of the formal requirement of drawing it in writing, as the fact that they appeared in the airport to take the plane they had seats booked for proves.

    „This interpretation does not contravene the requirement of formality of the contract since the ground for this requirement is to ensure that the consumer knows the conditions of the contract, so that he is aware of the exact services that are being agreed. It does not determine the sanction of invalidity of the contract when its content is not being argued but its existence itself, which can be proved by other means”, as the proof of confession, of witnesses or documents. [It has to be added that the Spanish transposition of the Directive included the requirement of the written form, but not the sentence of “any other appropriate form”].

    Therefore, the existence of the contract and the compliance by the appellant with the required booking, forces the defendant to pay the costs of the trip, since as the provision of the art. 9.4 of the Law 21/1995 estates “in the event that the consumer does not appear on departure, he is obliged to pay the total costs of the trip”. The grounds for this are that on the face of the late cancellation, the travel agency cannot cancel the bookings and the damages are 100% of the cost of the trip. The provision in that article of the payment of 25% when a trip is cancelled within 48 hours previous to the departure cannot be applied since the renunciation of the flight was due to the invalid documentation (passport) on the part of the consumer, a matter that the appellant cannot be responsible for, despite of her not having reminded the consumer, because that requirement is of general knowledge. [It has to be added that in case that the consumers do not have their valid passports and visas, several judgments allow the refund of the cost of the trip, although with a compensation of 25%: cfr. SAP Málaga 14th November 2000, SAP Madrid 23rd July 2001, SAP Navarra 29th July 1999].
  • Decision

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