If you have been a victim of crime, the law confers certain individual rights to you, before, during and after court proceedings (trial). You can also benefit from various forms of assistance and may be able to claim compensation for the damages caused by the crime.
Criminal proceedings in Northern Ireland start with investigation, where the police gather evidence. Once the police have completed their investigation, the case is passed to the prosecution service. The public prosecutor examines whether or not there is enough evidence against the suspect for a reasonable prospect of conviction and whether it is in the public interest to prosecute him or her. If the prosecutor decides that a prosecution should not go ahead, the case will be closed. Otherwise the prosecutor will prepare the case for hearing, and prosecute the case in court. In either situation you will be notified of the prosecution decision and, if the case is going to court, you will be contacted about the date of the hearing.
Cases for less serious offences are heard at the magistrates’ courts. Cases for more serious crimes (like rape or robbery) are heard at the Crown Court by a judge and a jury. The jury is composed of 12 people selected at random from the electoral register who listen to the evidence presented during the trial and decide if the defendant is guilty of the crime. The judge decides on matters of law during the trial, such as whether the presentation of certain evidence is allowed. At the end of the trial if the jury finds the defendant guilty the judge decides the sentence for the crime according to the law.
Click on the links below to find the information that you need
1 - My rights as a victim of crime
2 - Reporting a crime and my rights during the investigation or trial
The national language version of this page is maintained by the respective Member State. The translations have been done by the European Commission service. Possible changes introduced in the original by the competent national authority may not be yet reflected in the translations. The European Commission accepts no responsibility or liability whatsoever with regard to any information or data contained or referred to in this document. Please refer to the legal notice to see copyright rules for the Member State responsible for this page.
How and where can I report a crime?
How can I follow up on what the authorities do after I report a crime?
How can I be involved in the investigation of the crime?
What are my rights as a witness?
I am a minor. Do I have additional rights?
How can I get protection, if I am in danger?
What services and assistance can I be given during the investigation of the crime?
How will my case continue after the end of the investigation?
Can I appeal if my case is closed without reaching the court?
I am a foreigner. How are my rights and interests protected?
If you have suffered from a crime in the United Kingdom you can report it to the enforcement body responsible for this type of crime. For most crimes (e.g. theft, assault) this will be the police.
Depending on where the crime was committed you can report it by calling or going in person to the nearest police station in Northern Ireland. In urgent cases you can dial the emergency number 999 or 112.
If you are an asylum seeker or a refugee, you can also contact one of the One Stop Services, which will help you to find the nearest police station and can arrange an interpreter free of charge if you need one.
If you do not feel comfortable to report the crime yourself you can ask another person to report it for you or file an anonymous report to Crimestoppers by calling 0800 555 111 or by filling in their online form.
More detailed information about how to report a crime to the police is also available online at the Police Service of Northern Ireland’s website. This site provides some information in alternative languages.
Crimes are usually reported in English. If you do not speak English you can report the crime in your own language or any other language you understand. Translation services will be provided free of charge, if necessary.
In the report you have to include all relevant details about the crime, the person you think committed the crime (if known), and relevant personal details (e.g. your name, address, and other contact details).
There is no obligatory form you have to follow. The police officer to whom you report the crime will record it on a special form.
You will receive the reference number of your report and you can use it to follow the progress of your case. You can check what is being done on your case by going to the police station or calling by phone.
You are entitled to be contacted by the person dealing with your case at regular intervals to update you on the investigation (or a decision not to proceed with, or end an investigation; or not to prosecute the offender) and the details of any trial. If you require further information you can call using the non emergency 101 number. You can also go to the police station but, if doing so without an appointment, the person dealing with your case may not be available.
You may wish to make a Victim Personal Statement (1), in which you can detail the financial, emotional, physical and psychological impact of the crime on you (and, where applicable, your family). You can do this when reporting the crime or at any time thereafter.
Depending on your needs you will be provided free of charge with an interpreter, medical examination, and other services. However, this does not include legal advice and/or representation as the victim is not a party to the proceedings.
During the investigation you are entitled to regular up-dates on progress, and to be told of any arrests. Any further involvement in the investigation is at the request of the police (e.g. responding to additional questions or participation in an identity parade).
If you are worried about the defendant being given bail, you should inform the Public Prosecution Service so that they are aware of this when determining whether to oppose a bail application or not.
You are not specifically entitled to representation by anyone. However, if you choose to instruct a lawyer (which will be at your own expense) to put information or arguments before the authorities they will generally take such representations into account.
You will be informed when formal charges have been brought against a suspect and it is possible to put points to the prosecution service. However, the decision to prosecute is for the Public Prosecution Service to decide after considering the evidence and if it is in the public interest to do so.
Expenses incurred at this stage are not generally reimbursed.
During the investigation the police may ask you to give a witness statement. Usually you will be invited to tell what happened and the police officer will write an account of what you have said. Then you will be asked to verify if your statement was recorded correctly and sign it.
If you are providing a statement, the police will carry out an assessment of your needs as a witness. This will cover when and how you can be contacted and what language and communication needs you may have. The police will also assess whether a communication specialist (called a Registered Intermediary) might help you to give your statement or whether your witness statement will be video recorded.
Your witness statement may be used as evidence in court in certain circumstances such as if your evidence is not being challenged by the defence but you may be requested to give evidence at the hearing in person.
If you are a child under 18 years of age you are able to receive enhanced support and assistance in giving evidence in court if you are required to do so.
You will be referred to the NSPCC’s Young Witness Service, who will give you further support.
Your witness statement will be video recorded unless you ask to make a written statement. However, you may still be required to attend court to be questioned about your evidence.
When you report a crime to the police you will be asked if you wish to receive follow up contact form the police.
You will be asked if you wish to receive further information (e.g. about prosecution decisions and court proceedings). The police will keep you regularly updated on progress during the investigation for example about the suspect's arrest. You will be informed on the conclusion of the investigation (e.g. whether the defendant has been charged or cautioned).
For further support you will be referred, to Victim Support Northern Ireland.
Where applicable you will also be referred to other specialist services (e.g. the Sexual Assault Referral Centre in relation to sexual assualt. A 24hour helpline is also available to victims of domestic assault or sexual assault on 0808 802 1414).
Anyone can make an application for legal aid. However, whether it is granted or not will depend on the nature of the case, your status in it and a financial assessment. Witnesses are generally not “parties” to a case in a legal sense and generally do not have a legal representative. So unless a particular application (such as a judicial review) is being made as a side issue in the case, it is unlikely that an application for legal aid would be made.
You and anyone else with whom you have a close relationship and believe yourselves to be at risk as a result of having reported a crime should report your concerns to the police. The police will make an assessment and, where necessary and reasonable, bearing in mind the level, probability and immediacy of the risk, take steps to reassure and safeguard those at risk.
Protective measures can take different forms, e.g. regular patrols near your home, or an alarm that will ring in the local police station. Only in the most serious cases are more drastic protective measures taken (such as anonymity during trials or witness protection programmes).
If the allegation is a police matter, you will be referred to Victim Support Northern Ireland, who will contact you to further support and guidance as appropriate.
Where applicable you will also be referred to other specialist services (e.g. in relation to domestic violence or sexual assault).
Services are free of charge.
The police and the prosecution service will consider diversion from prosecution, if the offender is under the age of 18 years. If a diversionary Youth Conference is decided as appropriate diversionary action you, as the victim in the case, will be contacted and invited to participate. This type of formal Youth Conference is supervised by professionally qualified staff in the Youth Justice Agency. Equally, you will be invited to participate if the court orders a youth conference.
Once the police have completed the investigation, the case will be passed to the prosecution service. The public prosecution service will examine whether there is enough evidence against the defendant and whether it is in the public interest to prosecute him/her. If the public prosecution service decides that a prosecution should go ahead the suspect will be charged, or served with a summons, and the case will go to court.
You can request that the PPS review a decision not to prosecute. Where no additional evidence is provided this will be done by someone other than the person who took the original decision.
You can also ask the High Court to review the decision. It is very difficult to succeed in this process (which is known as “judicial review”) because the High Court will not substitute its view of the preferable course of action for that of the decision-maker. It will only make a ruling against the decision-maker if it decides that the decision was completely unreasonable (as distinct from undesirable). Even if the victim succeeds, the court will not order that the prosecution go ahead. It will, instead, order the decision-making organisation to review its decision in the light of the court’s findings. If you are considering this course of action you will need legal representation. Legal aid is available in some circumstances, but only if stringent criteria are satisfied (particularly concerning financial circumstances).
In rare cases some people pursue a private prosecution. Such prosecutions can be taken over and continued or discontinued by the Director of Public Prosecutions.
If you are a foreigner you have all the rights listed above.
In addition, if you do not speak English the authorities will endeavour to ensure that a translation or interpreter is provided where information is given to you if this is necessary.
The national language version of this page is maintained by the respective Member State. The translations have been done by the European Commission service. Possible changes introduced in the original by the competent national authority may not be yet reflected in the translations. The European Commission accepts no responsibility or liability whatsoever with regard to any information or data contained or referred to in this document. Please refer to the legal notice to see copyright rules for the Member State responsible for this page.
How can I be involved in the trial?
What are my rights as a witness?
I am a minor. Do I have additional rights?
How can I get protection, if I am in danger?
How can I claim damages from the offender or receive compensation from the State?
I am a foreigner. How are my rights and interests protected?
You will be informed of the decision to prosecute in writing by theVictim and Witness Care Unit. They will contact you to check your availability to attend court before a trial date is set and later inform you of the date set for the court hearing. They will also appoint a case officer to look after your case.
You may take part in trial proceedings:
You have the right to be present throughout court proceedings unless:
You do not have to attend trial proceedings unless you are requested to be a witness and you are compelled to give evidence.
You will also be told if you will be needed to give evidence as a witness, which will generally only be if the defendant contests guilt. As a witness you have to attend the hearing and answer the questions you will be asked.
If you have made a witness statement during the investigation and you have been requested to give oral evidence at the trial, you will be allowed to see the statement before you testify.
In the beginning of your hearing you will be asked to take an oath or make an affirmation that you will tell the truth. During the hearing the prosecutor and the defendant’s lawyer will ask you questions. When there are no more questions the judge will release you. You can leave or, if you wish, you can remain in the courtroom and listen during the remainder of the hearing.
If you feel vulnerable or intimidated and you meet the relevant criteria, the prosecutor may apply to the court before the hearing, for special measures to assist you give evidence. These measures include a screen to shield you from the defendant when in court and giving evidence by CCTV from outside the courtroom. The court decides what measures you can use but must take your views into account when making the decision.
Usually you will be heard as a witness only once. However, if necessary, you may be requested to go to court again and answer additional questions.
You can claim certain expenses for travelling to court and an allowance for meals.
In Northern Ireland you can benefit from the assistance of the witness services. If you are a victim or witness for the prosecution, the witness services will be available before, during and after the trial to make sure that you are well informed and supported. There are two types of witness service available – one for adult witnesses, which is run by Victim Support (the Witness Service), and one for witnesses under the age of 18 (the Young Witness Service), which is run by the NSPCC.
The aim of these services is to help prosecution victims and witnesses, and their families and friends, to deal with the experience of going to court and giving evidence. Both witness services normally phone witnesses before the court hearing to offer their services. Trained volunteers and staff from the services provide a free and confidential service including:
For further information please read the booklet Attending as a Witness in a Criminal Court.
If you are a child under 18 years of age you can ask the prosecutor to apply to the court before the trial for special measures to assist you give evidence in court.
The special measures available include:
An assessment is made based on the case and financial eligibility.
The police will provide such protective measures, as are necessary and reasonable, bearing in mind the level, probability and immediacy of the risk. Protective measures can take different forms e.g. regular patrols near your home. Only very exceptionally and in the most serious cases are more drastic protective measures considered (such as anonymity during trials or witness protection programmes).
In some circumstances you may be able to claim damages from the offender, in these cases you will have to provide details of your losses to the police when you report the crime or soon after. The police will pass these details on to the prosecution service and the Public Prosecution Service can ask the court to make a compensation order in appropriate cases. If someone is convicted of the crime the sentencing court may order that the offender pays all, or a proportion, of the losses you have suffered unless he/she is unable to do so. This may be on a weekly or monthly basis. This compensation order takes priority over any fine that the offender may have to pay.
If you are a victim of violent crime you may be eligible to apply for financial compensation from the State. Your application has to be submitted to the Northern Ireland Compensation Services. Please consult the factsheet on compensation to victims of crime in Northern Ireland (available in English and multiple other languages) of the European Judicial Network.
There are no opportunities to reach settlement/conciliation or to start mediation with offender other than a diversionary Youth Conference.
If you are a foreigner you have all the rights listed above.
In addition, if you do not speak English the authorities will endeavour to ensure that a translation or interpreter is provided where information is given to you if this is necessary, in particular when you are called to give evidence in court as a witness.
The national language version of this page is maintained by the respective Member State. The translations have been done by the European Commission service. Possible changes introduced in the original by the competent national authority may not be yet reflected in the translations. The European Commission accepts no responsibility or liability whatsoever with regard to any information or data contained or referred to in this document. Please refer to the legal notice to see copyright rules for the Member State responsible for this page.
Can I appeal against a sentence or if the defendant is declared not guilty?
What rights do I have after the court sentence enters into force?
At the end of the trial you will be told about the sentence of the court.
It is not possible for you to appeal against any decisions of the courts but for certain serious offences if you are not satisfied with the sentence imposed by the court following conviction, you can approach the Director of Public Prosecutions who has the right to make a referral to the High Court, if he considers that the sentence was unduly lenient.
You should be aware that the defendant may appeal the outcome of the case (the verdict and/or the sentence). Depending on the nature of the appeal, you may be required to give evidence again if the appeal amounts to a re-hearing. The Public Prosecution Service will notify you if this is the case.
You can receive information from the Victim Information Unit under the following victim information schemes by calling 0300 1233 269.
The Prisoner Release Victim Information Scheme offers victims the chance to receive and provide information about adult offenders who have been convicted of a crime against them and have received a sentence of six months or more.
Victims can receive details of:
The Probation Board for Northern Ireland Victim Information Scheme aims:
The Victim Information Scheme provides the following:
The Mentally Disordered Offenders’ Victim Information Scheme provides a service for victims of offences committed by mentally ill offenders who are held for treatment in hospital in Northern Ireland under a hospital order and a restriction order.
The national language version of this page is maintained by the respective Member State. The translations have been done by the European Commission service. Possible changes introduced in the original by the competent national authority may not be yet reflected in the translations. The European Commission accepts no responsibility or liability whatsoever with regard to any information or data contained or referred to in this document. Please refer to the legal notice to see copyright rules for the Member State responsible for this page.
Victim Support Northern Ireland
Women’s Aid Federation of Northern Ireland
SAMM NI (Support after murder and manslaughter)
Victim Support is a local charity giving free and confidential help to victims of crime, witnesses, their family, friends and anyone else affected across Northern Ireland.
Victim Support Northern Ireland
CONTACTS:
Website: http://www.nidirect.gov.uk/help-and-support-for-victims-of-crime
For the contact details of the local offices of Victim Support click here.
Women’s Aid Federation of Northern Ireland is a key local charity working to end domestic violence against women and children.
Women’s Aid Federation of Northern Ireland
CONTACTS:
Website: http://www.womensaidni.org/
The NSPCC Young Witness Service provides support before, during and after a trial to children under 18 years who have to give evidence in court.
The NSPCC aims
CONTACTS:
Website: http://www.nspcc.org.uk/
Childline: 0800 1111 (free and confidential 24-hour helpline for children in danger or distress) or http://www.childline.org.uk/
Support after murder and manslaughter is a registered independent charity, which offers emotional support to those bereaved through murder and manslaughter.
SAMM NI (Support after murder and manslaughter)
CONTACTS:
Website: http://www.samm.org.uk/
The national language version of this page is maintained by the respective Member State. The translations have been done by the European Commission service. Possible changes introduced in the original by the competent national authority may not be yet reflected in the translations. The European Commission accepts no responsibility or liability whatsoever with regard to any information or data contained or referred to in this document. Please refer to the legal notice to see copyright rules for the Member State responsible for this page.
You are entitled to receive written information on what to expect from the criminal justice system such as the "information for victims of crime leaflet", or the details of a website which contains that information.
Depending on the type of crime, your personal circumstances, or its relevance to the particular stage of the investigation or criminal proceedings access to the following information must be offered to you from your first contact with the police:
You are entitled to access victim support services at any time, whether you have reported a crime or not, and after the conclusion of the investigation and prosecution.
You are entitled to receive the services set out in the Victim Charter if the crime took place in Northern Ireland, or if the services relate to criminal proceedings that are taking place in Northern Ireland. [1]
[1] Eligibility for compensation from the Compensation Services may depend on your residency or nationality unless you are conclusively identified as a victim of human trafficking, or granted asylum, humanitarian protection or discretionary leave to remain.
You are entitled to receive the following from the police:
You are entitled to receive information about victim support services including their contact details from the police so that you can access their support at any time.
You are entitled to be informed by the police of the following information and to have the reasons explained to you without unnecessary delay, of a suspect being:
If you do not understand or speak English, you are entitled to request interpretation into a language you understand:
If you do not understand or speak English, you are entitled on request to translation of the following information:
[1] You are entitled to report the crime in a language you understand or with the necessary linguistic assistance if you don't speak English.
Service providers under the Victim Charter must communicate with you in simple and accessible language, taking appropriate measures (e.g. EasyRead, Braille or the use of a Registered Intermediary) to assist you to understand and be understood. In considering appropriate measures, service providers must take account of any relevant personal characteristic which may affect your ability to understand and be understood.
A range of information leaflets are available using simple language, in a variety of formats.
Para 76 of the Victim Charter provides an entitlement for victims to access victim support services whether or not they have reported the crime to the police. The Charter covers Victim Support NI and the NSPCC Young Witness Service. For NSPCC the entitlements only apply where a child or young person is to give evidence at court. Other NSPCC support services may be available outside the scope of the Charter, such as Childline services.
The police will explain to you that they will automatically pass your details to victim support services when you report the crime. You are entitled to ask the police not to pass on your details to victim support services.
Where required to share information under the Victim Charter, service providers must do so effectively and in accordance with their obligations under the Data Protection Act 1998 and other relevant legislation.
No - you are entitled to access victim support services at any time, whether you have reported a crime or not, and after the conclusion of the investigation and prosecution.
Where a victim reports a crime to a service provider responsible for investigating offences, the service provider must ensure that the victim is individually assessed to identify any specific protection needs and to determine whether and to what extent the victim would benefit from specific protection measures or Special Measures in the course of being interviewed or Special Measures when giving evidence.
The nature of the assessment will depend on all the circumstances, including the severity of the crime and the degree of apparent harm suffered by the victim. The assessment must take into account the victim's personal characteristics, his or her views, and the nature and circumstances of the crime.
Where, as a result of the individual assessment, a service provider has identified a victim as having specific protection needs and who would benefit from specific protection measures in the course of being interviewed, the service provider responsible for investigating an offence must also ensure, subject to operational and practical constraints, that the following are available:
In the unlikely event of a suspect escaping from custody, the police, once aware of the escape or notified of it by the prison, will notify you wherever possible of the escape and any measures taken for your protection if it is assessed that the suspect poses a significant risk of harm to you.
Where a victim reports a crime to a service provider responsible for investigating offences must ensure that the victim is individually assessed to identify any specific protection. In most cases this will be the police.
All victims of a criminal offence are entitled to an assessment by the police to identify any needs or support required, including whether and to what extent they may benefit from Special Measures. The length and content of this assessment depends on the severity of the crime and your individual needs. The assessment will take into account your personal characteristics, the nature and circumstances of the crime, and your views. The more information you are able to provide during the assessment, the more tailored the level of support will be to your individual needs.
All victims of a criminal offence are entitled to an assessment by the police to identify any needs or support required, including whether and to what extent they may benefit from Special Measures. The length and content of this assessment depends on the severity of the crime and your individual needs. The assessment will take into account your personal characteristics, the nature and circumstances of the crime, and your views. The more information you are able to provide during the assessment, the more tailored the level of support will be to your individual needs.
You are entitled to enhance entitlements under the Victim Charter as a vulnerable victim [1] if the quality of your evidence is likely to be affected because you suffer from:
[1] This is based on the criteria in Article 4 of the Criminal Evidence (Northern Ireland) Order 1999 for the court to determine witness eligibility for special measures.
You are eligible for enhanced entitlements under the Victim Charter as a vulnerable victim [1] if you are under 18 years of age at the time of the offence. This includes eligibility for Special Measures if you give evidence at court.
[1] This is based on the criteria in Article 4 of the Criminal Evidence (Northern Ireland) Order 1999 for the court to determine witness eligibility for special measures.
Close relatives of the deceased are entitled to receive services under the Victim Charter as victims of the most serious crime.
The family spokesperson for victims of crime who have a disability or for victims who have been so badly injured as a result of a criminal offence that they are unable to communicate.
If you have a disability or have been so badly injured as a result of a criminal offence that you are unable to communicate, you or your close relatives are entitled to nominate a family spokesperson to act as the single point of contact to receive services under the Victim Charter.
The parent or guardian of a victim who is under 18 years of age.
If you are a victim who is under the age of 18 you, and usually your parent or guardian, are entitled to receive services under the Victim Charter. [1]
[1] Unless your parent or guardian is under investigation or has been charged by the police in connection with the crime or if the reasonable opinion of the service provider involved it is not in your best interests for your parent or guardian to receive such services.
The aim of restorative justice is to try to help repair the damage (including mental and emotional damage) caused by the crime. Any restorative justice practices are completely voluntary - you do not have to take part - and are assisted by a trained facilitator. Restorative justice can involve direct and indirect contact between you and the offender. It might be written, verbal or involve an actual meeting. All parties have a chance to say what happened and to explain the impact of the offence. Before this, preparation will be carried out with you, by the relevant service provider, to make sure that you feel supported.
Appropriate measures will be put in place to make sure that anything you agree to take part in is safe; a trained facilitator will always be present during any meeting between you and the offender. If the offender has admitted guilt and is willing to participate in a meeting or communicate with you, you may be able to explain to the offender how the incident has affected you. You may then decide to seek an apology, or agree an activity that the offender has to undertake as part of making good the harm that has been done.
The Victim Charter was laid before the Northern Ireland Assembly by the Department of Justice under Section 31(2) of the Justice (Northern Ireland) Act 2015.
The Victim Charter sets out the services that are to be provided in Northern Ireland to victims of crime by the main criminal justice organisations and other organisations with relevant functions. These organisations are referred to as 'service providers'.
The entitlements in the Victim Charter apply to all victim, regardless of their residence status.
The national language version of this page is maintained by the respective Member State. The translations have been done by the European Commission service. Possible changes introduced in the original by the competent national authority may not be yet reflected in the translations. The European Commission accepts no responsibility or liability whatsoever with regard to any information or data contained or referred to in this document. Please refer to the legal notice to see copyright rules for the Member State responsible for this page.
You should in the first instance report a crime to the police.
You can do this in a number of ways:
Emergency: In an emergency dial 999 or 18000 for textphone users. An emergency is where serious injury has been caused or a crime is in progress and suspects are at the scene.
Emergency SMS text service: The police operate an emergency SMS text message registration scheme to help those with certain disabilities contact them in an emergency. This service also enables the police to pass on requests for assistance to the fire and ambulance services. The service is only available to pre-registered users who have completed an application form (further details and an application form are available on the police website http://www.psni.police.uk).
Non-Emergency: Where the incident is not urgent telephone 101.
Hate crime: Where the incident is not urgent telephone 101, then dial 2.
This is in addition to the other ways of reporting the crime set out in this section.
Third party reporting: If you really do not want to or cannot report the crime yourself, someone else can report it for you, such as a family member or voluntary organisation. They would make the initial contact with the police. You would still be involved later in the proceedings.
Call at your local police station: Where the incident is not urgent you may also report it at your local police station, during opening hours.
The crime may also be reported in the following ways:
Crimestoppers: If you do not want to give your name you can report a crime anonymously by calling the freephone Crimestoppers charity helpline on 0800 555 111. This service is not part of the police.
Harbour or Airport incident: Where the incident has occurred within the grounds of Belfast International Airport or Belfast Harbour you should contact Belfast International Airport Constabulary on 028 9448 4400 (extension 4412)/Mobile 077 1081 9183 or Belfast Harbour Police on 028 9055 3000. Where a major or serious incident such as murder, an act of terrorism or armed robbery has occurred these can also be reported to the Police Service of Northern Ireland. Incidents at Belfast City Airport will be dealt with by the Police Service of Northern Ireland, through the contact numbers above.
Police Ombudsman: If you believe that a crime has been committed by a police officer you should report it to the Police Ombudsman who will investigate and may make recommendations to the Director of Public Prosecutions for criminal prosecution.
If you are a victim of crime you are entitled to be informed by the police of the following information and to have the reasons explained to you without unnecessary delay of a suspect being:
You are entitled to be informed by the police of the following information without unnecessary delay of the police receiving it:
Victims and witnesses are not parties to criminal proceedings and are therefore not eligible for legal aid in Northern Ireland.
If you are required to attend court to give evidence you may have to pay for aspects like your travel. You can apply to have this money paid back. This is subject to time limits for claiming money back and standard rates for travel and subsistence costs, as well as maximum daily amounts for loss of earnings. Expenses are not paid for making a statement to the police about the criminal offence.
Details of how, under what conditions expenses can be reimbursed by the Public Prosecution Service and the rates that apply can be found at http://www.ppsni.gov.uk/Publications-7873.html.
If a decision is taken by the Public Prosecution service not to prosecute, and you do not agree with this, you are entitled to ask for a review of the Public Prosecution Service decision.
The right to a review of a Public Prosecution Service decision not to prosecute applies regardless of a crime type or potential court tier. Where the decision not to prosecute is taken by the Director of Public Prosecutions, and that decision cannot be reviewed by a higher authority, the review may be carried out by the Director of Public Prosecutions. Further detail on the right to a review and how this operates can be found at http://www.ppsni.gov.uk.
If you know something about an incident you may be asked to give evidence in court for the prosecution or defence.
For the purposes of the Victim Charter, a "victim" is:
If you know something about an incident you may be asked to give evidence in court for the prosecution or defence. If you know one of the people involved in the case, you may be asked to provide evidence as a character witness, usually by the defence. In either event, your evidence can be crucial to securing the conviction or the acquittal of the defendant.
The Victim Charter sets out the entitlements for victims. It is available here: https://www.garda.ie/en/victim-services/garda-victim-service/victim-charter-2020.pdf.
If you have witnessed a criminal offence, but are not a victim, you can access services under the Witness Charter. It is available here: https://www.justice-ni.gov.uk/publications/witness-charter.
If you know something about an incident you may be asked to give evidence in court for the prosecution or the defence. If you know one of the people involved in a case, you may be asked to provide evidence as a character witness, usually by the defence.
If you are a victim of crime a Victim Personal Statement (VPS) gives you an opportunity to explain in your own words how a crime has affected you, whether physically, emotionally, financially or in any other way. This is different from a witness statement about what happened at the time, such as what you saw or heard.
You are entitled to be offered the opportunity to make a VPS once a decision has been made to prosecute someone for the crime.
The VPS gives you a voice in the criminal justice process. However you should not give your views on the defendant, any other or alleged offences, or on any punishment you think should be given. This is because these views are not admissible in court. Before the statement is given to the judge, the Public Prosecution Service will remove any information that should not be in it.
The victim personal statement will be used in court if the defendant is found guilty or pleads guilty. It will be seen by the prosecutor, the defendant, their legal representative and the judge. where a person is convicted of an offence the court must consider relevant parts of the victim personal statement when determining the sentence. In some cases it may not be possible for a statement to be considered if the case is dealt with very quickly by the courts - for example. if there is an early guilty plea or the case is dealt with at the first court appearance.
You are entitled to:
If you are a witness during the trial you are entitled to:
The national language version of this page is maintained by the respective Member State. The translations have been done by the European Commission service. Possible changes introduced in the original by the competent national authority may not be yet reflected in the translations. The European Commission accepts no responsibility or liability whatsoever with regard to any information or data contained or referred to in this document. Please refer to the legal notice to see copyright rules for the Member State responsible for this page.
Victims have no right of appeal against the conviction or sentence of the offender.
Following the trial your are entitled to:
(i) If an application is made to the Crown Court to appeal against a conviction or sentence in the Magistrates' Court.
You are entitled to be informed of the following information by your Victim and Witness Care Unit:
You are also entitled to:
(ii) If an application is made to appeal against a conviction or sentence to the Court of Appeal, or an application or appeal is made to the UK Supreme Court in a criminal case on a point of law.
You are entitled to be informed of the following by your Victim and Witness Care unit:
Following grant of leave to appeal, if you are a bereaved close relative, in a qualifying case, you are entitled to be offered a meeting with the PPS to explain the nature of the appeal and the court processes.
Criminal Cases Review Commission
On receiving an application from an offender, the Criminal Cases Review Commission undertakes reviews of convictions and sentences imposed as a result of the offender's criminal offending. The Commission may refer a conviction or sentence for a fresh appeal if there is some new information or new argument which might mean the conviction is unsafe or the sentence too long. The Commission receives about 1000 applications from convicted persons every year and refers about 30-40 cases for a fresh appeal. When reviewing a case , the Commission will assess the potential impact on you and decide if you should be notified. The Commission will record the reasons for its decisions as to the form of contact with you and in appropriate cases will notify the police of those decisions.
If an offender is sentenced to prison, confined to hospital or is under Probation Board supervision you are entitled to be informed by the Victim and Witness Care Unit about access to a relevant post-conviction victim information scheme. You are also entitled to ask the Victim Information Unit to provide you with certain information. The Unit, which is managed by the Probation Board for Northern Ireland, co-ordinates a single victims' service which covers all three victim information schemes. The three schemes are the prisoner release victim information scheme (PRVIS), the Probation Board for Northern Ireland victim information scheme and the mentally disordered offenders victim information scheme. These relate to:
Prisoner Release Victim Information Scheme (PRVIS)
If you register with the scheme you are entitled to be informed by the Victim Information Unit, without unnecessary delay (where it has been informed of a decision or outcome), about:
In the cases of prisoners given a life sentence, an indeterminate custodial sentence or an extended custodial sentence which are subject to considerations of release by the Parole Commissioners you are entitled to be informed by the Victim Information Unit about when the prisoner is being considered for release. You will also be entitled to make your views on release known to the Parole Commissioners (through the Victim Information Unit) ahead of such a prisoner being considered for release. You are entitled to be informed of the decision the Parole Commissioners make and, if it is to release the prisoner, to be told of the licensing arrangements that apply.
You are also entitled to have the opportunity to submit views to the Victim Information Unit, or to register concerns you have about your personal safety and have these considered as part of the assessment process, when an offender applies for temporary release or is to be released on licence.
Very occasionally it may only be possible to tell you about a release after it has happened. In the very unlikely event that an offender in the case you are involved in escapes from detention you will be entitled to be informed about this, without unnecessary delay, by the police or the prison service, unless sharing the information would endanger someone or there is an identified risk of harm to the offender which would result from this. You are also entitled to be informed by the police or prison service of any measures then taken to protect you.
Probation Board for Northern Ireland Victim Information Scheme
If you register with this scheme you are entitled to receive information from the Victim Information Unit, without unnecessary delay (where it has been informed of a decision or outcome), on:
You are also entitled to choose how you receive this information (for example, face-to-face, by phone or in writing) and to discuss any concerns you may have a Victim Information Unit staff member. In certain cases the Unit will also offer you the opportunity to give your views and concerns in a victim report, so they can be considered by the Parole Commissioners.
Mentally Disordered Offenders Victim Information Scheme
This scheme provides information about any periods of leave of absence from hospital being considered for an offender and their conditional or absolute discharge from hospital. If you register for this scheme you are entitled to be informed by the Victim Information Unit, without unnecessary delay (where it has been informed of a decision or outcome):
You are also entitled to have the opportunity to submit your views, in writing, to the Victim Information Unit on how the proposed leave or discharge may affect your safety or well being and also what conditions an offender might be subject to when leaving hospital.
The national language version of this page is maintained by the respective Member State. The translations have been done by the European Commission service. Possible changes introduced in the original by the competent national authority may not be yet reflected in the translations. The European Commission accepts no responsibility or liability whatsoever with regard to any information or data contained or referred to in this document. Please refer to the legal notice to see copyright rules for the Member State responsible for this page.
If you are a victim of a violent crime you may be able to claim compensation. Unless there are good reasons, you should report the incident to the police as soon as possible after it happened and submit an application for compensation within two years (of the date of the incident that caused the injury). The two year time limit may be waived if Compensation Services consider that there is a good reason for the delay and it is in the interests of justice to do so. Further information about compensation for victims of violent crime can be found at http://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/compensation-criminal-injuries.
Court-ordered compensation
A magistrates' court can make a compensation order up to a maximum of £5,000 per charge. The Crown Court has unlimited powers, but should have regard to the means of the offender.
Compensation orders shall be for such amount as the court considers appropriate, taking into account any evidence and representations by the prosecution and defence.
Courts attach considerable importance to the making of compensation orders and must give reasons where they do not make an order.
Enforcement of compensation orders is a matter for the courts.
No - there is no up-front payment of court ordered compensation in Northern Ireland.
You may be eligible under the Criminal Injuries Compensation Scheme, more information is available https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/compensation-criminal-injuries
Under the Criminal Injuries Compensation Scheme you may still be eligible for an award even if your assailant is not known, or is not convicted. More information is available at https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/compensation-criminal-injuries
Where Compensation Services have decided that you are eligible for a payment but cannot make a final decision then, they may consider making an interim payment. If they are unable to make a final decision this is likely to be because they are waiting until the long term impact of your injury is understood.
The national language version of this page is maintained by the respective Member State. The translations have been done by the European Commission service. Possible changes introduced in the original by the competent national authority may not be yet reflected in the translations. The European Commission accepts no responsibility or liability whatsoever with regard to any information or data contained or referred to in this document. Please refer to the legal notice to see copyright rules for the Member State responsible for this page.
Victim Support NI offers information about support services near. See Victim Charter and Witness Charter. http://www.victimsupportni.com/
The Victim Information Service includes a victim information line: +44 808 168 9293.
Yes.
The police and the Victim and Witness Care Unit must provide you with information about where and how to get advice or support, including access to medical support, any specialist support (such as psychological support) and alternative accommodation.
Many non-government organisations and charities provide assistance, support advice, counselling and other general and specialised services to victims of crime, nationality, regionally and locally.
The national language version of this page is maintained by the respective Member State. The translations have been done by the European Commission service. Possible changes introduced in the original by the competent national authority may not be yet reflected in the translations. The European Commission accepts no responsibility or liability whatsoever with regard to any information or data contained or referred to in this document. Please refer to the legal notice to see copyright rules for the Member State responsible for this page.